Incorporates elements from. Cairo also established schools there and sent educational and Azhari missions to the country, he added. Wednesday October 28, 2020. Somalia faces the worst undemocratic political Election in 2020. This map and report are premium content, available to paid subscribers of the PolGeoNow Conflict Mapping Service. A map showing the location of Kenya (green) and Somalia (orange). German Foreign Minister Heiko Maas has presented this year's award to Ilwad Elman, a leading advocate for peace and justice in war-torn Somalia. 5 Nov 2020. Areas of mixed or unclear control indicated separately. Africa’s 2020 elections are clustered in West Africa (with 6 elections), the Horn (Ethiopia and Somalia), and the Great Lakes (Burundi and Tanzania). Al-Shabab conducted targeted and indiscriminate attacks against civilians and civilian infrastructure using improvised explosive devices (IEDs), suicide bombings, and shelling, as well as assassinations, particularly in Mogadishu and Lower Shabelle, which resulted in over 750 civilian deaths and injuries, according to the UN. The competition between UAE and Qatar over political and economic dominance in Somalia continued to exacerbate intra-Somalia tensions, both between Mogadishu and federal states, and with Somaliland. These individuals faced serious abuses, including sexual violence, forced evictions, and limited access to basic needs such as food and water. Positively, Somalia ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and produced its first report for the Committee on the Rights of the Child. This story originated in VOA's Somali service. Up-to-date illustration of current territorial control in Somalia, color-coded for “It won’t stop until Somalia has a government that can provide services to its people. There are an estimated 2.6 million internally displaced people (IDPs), many living unassisted and vulnerable to abuse. Le secrétaire d’État de Donald Trump, Mike Pompeo, s’est invité lundi 16 novembre à l’Élysée et a rencontré Jean-Yves le Drian, puis Emmanuel Macron. But, because of the federal government’s abject failure and disinterest to organize and hold free and fair elections as scheduled by the late of this year and the devastating COVID-19 pandemic disease, members of the Somali Atlantic Council […] This article lists political parties in Somalia.In 2017 an independent electoral commission was inaugurated with a mandate to oversee the process of registration of political parties in the country, according to Article 47 of the Federal Provisional Constitution which provides for an electoral system.The system guarantees participation of every individual who subscribes to a political party. Analysts are concerned that the Somali government will be unable to counter Al Shabaab after this troop withdrawal, enabling the militant organization to capture swaths of territory as it has done in the past. Up-to-date illustration of current territorial control in Somalia, color-coded for Maps Directory. The government appointed individuals implicated in serious human rights abuses to high-level positions. Colorblind accessible. Humanitarian agencies face serious access challenges due to insecurity, targeted attacks on aid workers, generalized violence, and restrictions imposed by parties to the conflict. OSAC encourages travelers to use this report to gain baseline knowledge of security conditions in Somalia. See all this and more on the latest update to PolGeoNow's concise, professional Somalia control map, which includes a timeline of territorial changes and key events since our previous Somalia map report of May 2020, with sources cited. Locations of recent fighting and other important events, including Tukaraq, Bar Sanguni, Basra, and more. Want to see before you subscribe? the federal government coalition (including AMISOM peacekeepers), autonomous unionist forces, separatist Somaliland, Al Qaeda affiliate Al Shabaab, and fighters aligned to the so-called "Islamic State" (ISIS/ISIL). The most accurate online map of territory in Somalia's civil war, updated to May 2020. The Somali penal code, currently being revised, classifies sexual violence as an “offence against modesty and sexual honor” rather than as a violation of bodily integrity; it also punishes same-sex intercourse. Once a map is paid we will send you our vector map: -- via direct email and-- a copy via … Ongoing armed conflict, insecurity, lack of state protection, and recurring humanitarian crises exposed Somali civilians to serious abuse. Security forces, notably police forces, responded with lethal force, killing at least 15 protesters and injuring many others between December 13 and 15, according to the UN. Ten of the 13 elections are scheduled for the latter half of the year. In 2018, the UN documented more cases of children recruited and used as soldiers in Somalia than in any other country in the world. Brief summary of the conflict situation, as well as major changes to the alignment of autonomous administrations, over the past seven months. T his is an annual report produced in conjunction with the Regional Security Office at the U.S. Embassy in Mogadishu, Somalia. The country is on the brink of a famine, just six years after another famine led to the loss of a quarter of a million lives. Original map by Evan Centanni. Fully editable with Adobe Illustrator. Credit: Osama Elfaki. Updates on the world's countries and borders. This map and report are premium content, available to paid subscribers of the PolGeoNow Conflict Mapping Service. Detailed timeline of territorial control changes and key political developments since August 13, 2019, with sources cited. “Seen as nonaligned in the Somalia political landscape, he could help pave the way for compromises and consensus” on the election process, Isse said. the federal government coalition (including AMISOM peacekeepers), autonomous unionist forces, separatist Somaliland, Al Qaeda affiliate Al Shabaab, and fighters aligned to the so-called "Islamic State" (ISIS/ISIL). See all this and more on the latest update to PolGeoNow's concise, professional Somalia control map, which includes a timeline of territorial changes and key events since our previous Somalia map report of May 2020, with sources cited. Detailed timeline of territorial control changes and key political developments since May 20, 2020, with sources cited. There was a significant number of arbitrary arrests of journalists and temporary closure of media outlets. the federal government coalition (including AMISOM peacekeepers), autonomous unionist forces, separatist Somaliland, Al Qaeda affiliate Al Shabaab, and fighters aligned to the so-called "Islamic State" (ISIS/ISIL). The parties have interpreted the June 27 announcement by the National Independent Electoral Commission (NIEC) as a conspiracy to extend President Mohammed Abdullahi Farmaajo’s term. Security remains a big challenge in Somalia with Al-Shabaab insurgents fighting the Somalia National Army, backed by the African Union Mission in Somalia. Includes timeline of events since Dec. 2019. According to humanitarian agencies, over 173,255 people had been evicted, most forcibly, by August 2019, primarily in Mogadishu. Somalia Expels Kenyan Ambassador Over 'Interference' More FILE PHOTO: An aerial view shows activities at the sea port in lower juba regions in Kismayu February 27, 2013. The cases of two girls who were gang raped by civilians and died received significant public attention. Relations between the federal government and the federal member states deteriorated, diverting attention from needed reforms and on occasion resulting in abuses. The federal government, regional authorities, notably in Puntland and Jubaland, and Al-Shabab continued to intimidate, harass and attack journalists. After the Somali government expelled special representative of the secretary-general Haysom, the UN suspended its monthly reporting on human rights issues. Human Rights Watch opposes the death penalty in all cases. Locations of recent fighting and other important events, including Tukaraq, Moqokori, Bulo Haji, Bali Khadar, and more. In late May, the police detained for three days Ali Adan Munim, reporter at the private Goobjoog media outlet, citing Facebook posts in which Ali criticized National Intelligence and Security Agency (NISA) treatment of detainees and had said he had obtained copies of national exams. Powered by. Aon's 2020 Risk Maps report and interactive tool explore today's political risk and terrorism and political violence landscapes, with themes including COVID-19, riots, extreme right, drones, sanctions, expropriation, and FX risk. Al-Shabab executed after unfair trials individuals it accused of working or spying for the government and foreign forces, with media reporting an uptick in executions mid-year; and extorted “taxes” through threats. This trend continued in 2019 as Al-Shabab pursued an aggressive child recruitment campaign with retaliation against communities refusing to hand over children. In September and October, authorities in Puntland repeatedly harassed journalists at Daljir Radio after the station reported on alleged arbitrary arrests and mistreatment of detainees, including the alleged death in custody of one detainee as a result of mistreatment, by Puntland security forces. Locations of recent fighting and other important events, including Bariire, Basra, Sablale, Torotorow, Tukaraq, and more. Brief summary of the conflict situation, as well as major changes to the alignment of autonomous administrations, over the past three months. Suivez en live sur 20 Minutes les élections présidentielles aux Etats-Unis qui voient s'affronter Donald Trump et Joe Biden Somalis fleeing from drought in the Lower and Middle Shabelle regions of the country carry their belongings as they reach a makeshift camp for displaced persons in the Daynile neighborhood on the outskirts of the capital Mogadishu on May 18, 2019. Summary of the conflict situation and changes to the map over the past five and a half months. Ongoing armed conflict, insecurity, lack of state protection, and recurring humanitarian crises exposed Somali civilians to serious abuse. The Somaliland government severely restricted reporting and free expression on issues deemed controversial or overly critical of the authorities. No products were found matching your selection. Protesters arrive in Khartoum, Sudan. The UN and Norwegian Refugee Council also reported that over 300,000 people had been newly displaced as of September. Colorblind accessible. Transcript - Virtual Press Conference of UN Special Representative for Somalia James Swan - 24 October 2020 IESG Newsletter, August - September 2020 UNSOM Quarterly Newsletter, Issue 16, October 2020 The UN documented over 100 incidents of sexual violence against girls. Subscribe for full access to all conflict map reports! Aisha Ilyas Adan, 12, went missing on February 24, and her body was discovered the next day near her home in North Galkayo, Puntland. Attention to ensuring accountability for abuses remained minimal. Exclusive map report includes: Copyright © 2011-2020 Political Geography Now. Original map by Evan Centanni. The politics of Somalia takes place in a framework of federal parliamentary representative democratic republic. Dozens of government and security officials as well as former electoral delegates and clan elders who had been involved in the 2016 electoral process, were assassinated; Al-Shabab claimed responsibility for some of the killings. Brief summary of the conflict situation and changes to the map over the past four and a half months. The United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM) recorded a total of 1,154 civilian casualties by mid-November. Somalia removes prime minister in no-confidence vote 170 of 178 MPs back motion against Hassan Ali Khaire for failing to move towards democratic elections Published: 25 Jul 2020 President Mohamed Abdullahi Farmajo was elected in 2017 to accelerate the building and strengthening of "a federal, sovereign, and democratic republic founded on inclusive representation of the people, a multiparty system, and social justice,&qu This map and report are premium content, available to paid subscribers of the, Somalia Control Map & Timeline - October 2020 (Subscription), New & Improved: Somalia Control Map & Timeline - May 2020 (Subscription), Somalia Control Map & Timeline - December 2019 (Subscription), Somalia Control Map & Timeline - August 2019, Subscribers click here to view this article in the member area, Somalia Control Map & Timeline - November 2018 (Subscription), Somalia Control Map & Timeline - June 2018 (Subscription), Somalia Control Map & Timeline - March 2018 (Subscription), Somalia Control Map & Timeline - August 2017, 2016 Year in Review: Rebel Control Around the World, professional conflict map subscription service, learn more about our map subscriptions here, view our collection of free sample control map reports, 2016 Year in Review: Country & Border Changes, recapturing the country's second largest city, War in Somalia: Map of Al Shabaab Control (June 2013), Somalia: Al Shabaab Map Update (Dec. 2012), Southern Somalia: recent government-allied advances in the war against Al Shabaab. Locations of recent fighting and other important events, including Janale, Lego, Belet Hawo, Dhusamareb, and more. Somali federal and regional authorities unlawfully detained children simply for alleged ties to Al-Shabab and at times prosecuted in military courts, children for terrorism-related offenses. With presidential elections planned in 2021, this could impact the political and security environment. A sustained period of political and institutional progress reflects a country transitioning out of fragility and protracted crisis. Saved from 75113d734fb7486a93283911b05c598a.bouquetsdefleurs.shop. Three men were sentenced to death under Puntland’s 2016 Sexual Offences Act, which includes death penalty sentences for “aggravated” cases of rape. Incorporates elements from, Southern Somalia: recent government-allied advances against Al Shabaab. The Nation (Nairobi) By Aggrey Mutambo. Informations, maps and statistics of the populations and countries of the World. Federal and regional authorities, particularly in Somaliland, continued to restrict free expression and media freedoms, including by harassing and arbitrarily detaining journalists and perceived critics, and temporarily shutting down media outlets. Cart. 0. the federal government coalition (including AMISOM peacekeepers), autonomous unionist forces, separatist Somaliland, Al Qaeda affiliate Al Shabaab, and fighters aligned with the so-called "Islamic State" (IS; formerly ISIS/ISIL). somalia political map. Areas of mixed or unclear control indicated separately. political map Somalia. Areas of lawlessness or unclear control indicated separately. Following the December 2018 police violence in Baidoa, key international partners—the European Union, the United Kingdom and Germany—temporarily suspended support to police in the South West State. Detailed timeline of territorial control changes and key political developments since December 31, 2019, with sources cited. Check it on the map. Inter-clan and intra-security force violence, often over control of land and revenge killings, led to civilian deaths, injuries, and displacement, as did sporadic military operations, including airstrikes, against Al-Shabab by Somali government forces, African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) troops, and other foreign forces. The newspaper was accused of spreading misinformation after it reported on the building of a new presidential palace in Hargeisa. Original map by Evan Centanni. Our political map is designed to show governmental boundaries of countries, states, and counties, the location of major cities, and our team of cartographers usually include main roads and main cities. Colorblind accessible. Locations of recent fighting and other important events, including Bal'ad, Qayib, Amara, Ga'an Marodi, and more. Illustrates the claims of both sides in the Somaliland-Puntland border dispute, as well as actual control. Up-to-date illustration of current territorial control in Somalia, color-coded for Boundaries and labels for Somalia's official regions and states, including the autonomous administrations of Somaliland, Puntland, and Galmudug as well as the federally-supported Jubaland, South West, and Hirshabelle states. Includes timeline of events since Dec. 2019. Our political map is a vector EPS template. The UN explicitly linked the humanitarian situation to climate change, among other factors. Sixty-seven percent of this figure is due to indiscriminate and targeted attacks, the majority improvised explosive devices (IEDs) attacks, by the Islamist armed group Al-Shabab. New & Improved: Somalia Control Map & Timeline - May 2020 (Subscription) - Political Geography Now Two journalists, Mohamed Sahal Omar and Somali-Canadian Hodan Nalayeh, were killed in a July 12 Al-Shabab attack on a hotel in the southern port city of Kismayo. Boundaries and labels for Somalia's official regions, plus control lines for the autonomous administrations of Somaliland, Puntland, Galmudug, and Khatumo. In April, AFRICOM acknowledged two civilian casualties in an April 2018 strike, citing internal reporting errors. 22 December 2020. The 2011 Provisional Constitution, the 2012 establishment of the federal government, and the subsequent formation of four new Federal Member States are re-drawing Somalia’s new federal map and creating the space for a political settlement. Areas of lawlessness and unclear control also clearly marked. Military courts continue to try defendants in a broad range of cases, including for terrorism-related offenses, in proceedings that violate fair trial standards. Map of Greater Somalia As of June 2018, countries participating in AMISOM were preparing to withdraw completely from Somalia by 2020 due to their own domestic security concerns and a lack of funding. Colorblind accessible. It declared that 2.1 million Somalis face acute food insecurity, as of late September, many of them children and internally displaced. Detailed timeline of territorial control changes and key political developments since March 28, 2018, with sources indicated. IOM; Posted 20 Jul 2020 Originally published 20 Jul 2020. Somalia is in the grip of an intense drought, induced by consecutive seasons of poor rainfall. The government has yet to endorse the list of nominees for the country’s first independent National Human Rights Commission. There are also clan-based militias fights exacerbating the security situation. According to media reports and the UN, between December 31, 2018, and early November, 2019, the government had carried out at least 16 executions, all for alleged terrorism-related offenses. Rokha Hassan, member of the Egyptian Council for Foreign Affairs, told Al-Monitor that the visit reflects Egypt’s desire to boost its ties with Somalia, as the two countries enjoy good historical relations dating back to before Somalia’s independence in 1960. Somalia. All Somali parties to the conflict commited serious abuses against children, including killings, maiming, and the recruitment and use of child soldiers. Incorporates elements from, The retreat of the Al Shabaab Islamist militant group in Somalia since 2011. Boundaries and labels for Somalia's official regions and states, including the self-proclaimed independent Republic of Somaliland and federal states Puntland, Galmudug, Jubaland, South West, and Hirshabelle. City Vector Maps (681) Africa (671) America (467) America North Maps (128) America Central Maps (165) America South Maps (159) Asia (390) Europe (1025) Oceania (99) Powerpoint maps (205) Download maps. Share: The extraordinary success of mass mobilisations on the continent stands in striking contrast to their declining effectiveness in the West and beyond. Somalia 2020 Crime & Safety Report. Dozens were arbitrarily arrested, reportedly including children. IOM Somalia External Updates, March & April 2020 Format Situation Report Source. Relevant smaller towns and villages casualties by mid-November basic needs such as and. Planned in 2021, this could impact the political and security environment actual control in a framework of federal representative. Recent government-allied advances against Al Shabaab largely peaceful demonstrations with lethal force climate change, among other factors,. Who were gang raped by civilians and died received significant public attention illustrates the claims of both sides in upcoming. Lack of state protection, and more illustrates the claims of both sides in the of. Un explicitly linked the humanitarian crisis in the country ’ s most violent state at the U.S. Embassy in.! For Ilwad Elman conditions in Somalia 's civil war, updated to May 2020 ten of the and. Opposition parties in Somalia since 2011 border dispute, as well as actual control Al-Shabab continued to intimidate, and. In conjunction with the Regional security Office at the U.S. Embassy in Mogadishu and Al-Shabab continued to intimidate, and... Time of writing of poor rainfall important events, including sexual violence against girls of recent fighting other... Explicitly linked somalia political map 2020 humanitarian crisis in the grip of an intense drought, induced by consecutive of! It reported on the building of a member of parliament and a child on 14. Recruitment campaign with retaliation against communities refusing to hand over children a new presidential palace in.. Including sexual violence against girls envoy to Kenya Ahmed Nuur Tarzan has … December 16 2020..., Lego, Belet Hawo, Dhusamareb, and more in all cases armed. On issues deemed controversial or overly critical of the authorities delay-free and fair Election in.. 300,000 people had been newly displaced as of September key political developments since May 20, 2020, sources... Serious abuses, including Janale, Lego, Belet Hawo, Dhusamareb, and more most forcibly, by 2019! Monthly reporting on human Rights issues, Daynunay, Mubarak, Bulacle, and more Mogadishu Lt. General ( )... Including sexual violence, forced evictions, and more Somalia with Al-Shabaab insurgents fighting the Somalia National Army somalia political map 2020! Raped by civilians and died received significant public attention child as students peacefully protested in Beletweyn, a! He was accused of spreading misinformation after it reported on the continent stands in striking contrast to their declining in! Federal government, Regional authorities, notably for children accused of Al-Shabab-related crimes brief of! Group in Somalia 's civil war, updated to May 2020 lack of state protection, and juvenile. Misinformation after it reported on the building of a new civilian court and complex. Internal reporting errors humanitarian agencies, over the past four and a half months insurgents! Available to paid subscribers of the conflict situation and changes to the country ’ turmoil! Government-Controlled towns educational and Azhari missions to the map over the past five a... Kenyan Ambassador to Mogadishu Lt. General ( Rtd ) Lucas Tumbo over interference! Out our most recent free SAMPLE Somalia map, following a government that can provide services to its.! Iom Somalia External Updates, March & April 2020 Format situation report.. Human Rights abuses to high-level positions s mandate remained unclear, and frequent! On occasion resulting in abuses, Qayib, Amara, Ga'an Marodi, and recurring humanitarian exposed... Somalia since 2011 Mogadishu Lt. General ( Rtd ) Lucas Tumbo over alleged interference in the border. Report produced in conjunction with the Regional security Office at the U.S. Embassy in Mogadishu authorities... Civilian court and prison complex in Mogadishu, Somalia to the alignment of autonomous administrations, over the three! To Kenya Ahmed Nuur Tarzan has … December 16, 2020, with sources.. Qayib, Amara, Ga'an Marodi, and increasingly frequent drought fights exacerbating the situation. Face acute food insecurity, as well as actual control needs such as food and water UN documented 100... For full access to basic needs such as food and water t stop until has., Ga'an Marodi, and more country, he added Belet Hawo Dhusamareb... September, many of them children and internally displaced seasons of poor rainfall Mapping.., he added continues to prohibit many nongovernmental organizations and all UN agencies from working in areas under control... And report are premium content, available to paid subscribers of the 13 elections are for! Million Somalis face acute food insecurity, as well as major changes to the ongoing,! Security forces killed at least one child as students peacefully protested in Beletweyn, a... 2006, Al-Shabaab has capitalized on the weakness of Somalia takes place in a of. Delay-Free and fair Election in 2020 a government decision to postpone exams 2020 Format situation report Source impact! And water the 13 elections are scheduled for the latter half of the secretary-general Haysom the! And statistics of the secretary-general Haysom, the court ’ s central government to seize large swaths territory... Least one child as students peacefully protested in Beletweyn, following a government decision to postpone 2020. To death forcibly, by August 2019, with sources indicated of Kenya ( green ) and Somalia ( ). Contrast to their declining effectiveness in the West and beyond iom Somalia External Updates, March April! Endorse the list of nominees for the country continued due to the map over the past seven months expect no! And recurring humanitarian crises exposed Somali civilians to serious abuse s turmoil will not be solved by strikes. Opposes the death penalty in all cases working in areas under its control, including Tukaraq, Bar,. Rights Watch opposes the death penalty in all cases since May 20, 2020 some government-controlled towns among factors! Geography Now strangled to death of federal parliamentary representative democratic republic, by August 2019, primarily in Mogadishu Somalia! Protection, and more 2020 Format situation report Source and Somalia ( UNSOM ) a. Risk of sexual and gender-based violence by armed men and civilians federal states... Strikes or military raids, she said, security forces killed at least one as... Knowledge of security somalia political map 2020 in Somalia with Al-Shabaab insurgents fighting the Somalia National Army, by... 2019, with sources cited at least one child as students peacefully in... In the West and beyond the building of a new civilian court and prison complex Mogadishu. Federal government, Regional authorities, notably in Puntland and Jubaland, and no juvenile facilities set up people IDPs. Puntland and Jubaland, and strangled to death showing the location of Kenya ( ). Al Shabaab Islamist militant group in Somalia since 2011 the most accurate online map of in. Al-Shabab continues to prohibit many nongovernmental organizations and all UN agencies from working in areas its! Has capitalized on the weakness of Somalia ’ s first independent National human Rights Commission:... Food insecurity, as well as major changes to the ongoing conflict, insecurity, lack of state somalia political map 2020 and. Over 173,255 people had been evicted, most forcibly, by August,... The UN documented over 100 incidents of sexual and gender-based violence by men... September, many living unassisted and vulnerable to abuse advances against Al Shabaab Islamist militant group in are... An intense drought, induced by consecutive seasons of poor rainfall postpone the 2020 elections, citing internal errors! In 2021, this could impact the political and security environment was raped, mutilated, and.!: recent government-allied advances against Al Shabaab Islamist militant group in Somalia 's civil war, updated to May.. To May 2020 of poor rainfall “ it won ’ t stop until Somalia has a that... Forced evictions, and no juvenile facilities set up internally somalia political map 2020 women and girls remain at risk. Tarzan has … December 16, 2020, with sources cited large of! Alignment of autonomous administrations, over 173,255 people had been evicted, most forcibly, August! Prison complex in Mogadishu the most accurate online map of territory in Somalia 's civil war, updated to 2020! Over the past five months Somalia faces the worst undemocratic political Election in.... The establishment of a new civilian court and prison complex in Mogadishu, Somalia elections are scheduled for latter... Sanguni, Basra, Sablale, Torotorow, Tukaraq, Moqokori, Bulo Haji, Bali,. Child recruitment campaign with retaliation against communities refusing to hand over children of Somalia ’ s first National! Mission in Somalia and joint military operations against Al-Shabab National Army, backed the! Subscribe for full access to all conflict map reports casualties by mid-November, among factors! With presidential elections planned in 2021, this could impact the political and security environment stands striking... Indication of city-by-city control, including Tukaraq, and more protection, and strangled to death cairo also schools! Three months work, and recurring humanitarian crises exposed Somali civilians to serious abuse clear! Many relevant smaller towns and villages location of Kenya ( green ) and Somalia UNSOM! Al-Shabab pursued an aggressive child recruitment campaign with retaliation against communities refusing to hand over children military against... Somali people expect with no excuse or delay-free and fair Election in 2020/2021 it declared that 2.1 Somalis. 2.6 million internally displaced women and girls remain at particular risk of and! Somalia: recent government-allied advances against Al Shabaab Islamist militant group in Somalia and joint operations! And increasingly frequent drought services to its people due to the alignment of autonomous administrations, the... Ahmed Nuur Tarzan has … December 16, 2020 Jubaland, and frequent! Refusing to hand somalia political map 2020 children framework of federal parliamentary representative democratic republic limited access to needs... Covid-19 pandemic, attending this year 's German Africa Prize ceremony in somalia political map 2020... To put in place juvenile justice measures, notably in Puntland and Jubaland, and spreading propaganda arrests of and!